TiredEar

Dentist Central London

2006-10-18T15:05:00.000-07:00

The Welbeck clinic offers specialist Cosmetic Dentistry in a central London location. Dr Joe Oliver has worked for over 11 years in Cosmetic Dentistry and now provides a 1 day Cosmetic Dentistry solution which includes Teeth Whitening, Porcelain Veneers and Dental Crowns.

Aerarium

2005-03-17T05:51:00.000-08:00

Treasury of ancient Rome, housed in the Temple of Saturn and the adjacent tabularium (record office) in the Forum. Under the republic (c. 509–27 BC) it was managed by two finance magistrates, the urban quaestors, and controlled by the Senate. In theory all revenues were paid into the aerarium, and all public payments were made from it. In practice, money was moved from the provinces

Xerox Parc

2005-03-15T18:23:00.000-08:00

An excellent source on PARC's history is Michael Hiltzick, Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age (1999).

Asher Ben Jehiel

2005-03-14T11:07:00.000-08:00

When the German authorities began to persecute the Jews, Asher fled to France and then to Spain. With the help of Rabbi Solomon ben Adret, one of the most influential

Baffin, William

2005-03-12T20:11:00.000-08:00

Navigator who searched for the Northwest Passage and gave his name to Baffin Island, now part of the Northwest Territories, Canada, and to the bay separating it from Greenland. His determination of longitude at sea by observing the occultation of a star by the Moon is said to have been the first of its

Buli Style

2005-03-10T21:10:00.000-08:00

Also called long-faced style of Buli African wood sculpture made by the Luba peoples (Baluba) of Congo (Kinshasa). Because the carvings—which were made in the village of Buli (now in Katanga province)—are almost identical to each other and differ from other Luba carvings, they were originally presumed to have been the work of a single artist, called the Master of Buli. Later, it was determined that the sculptures

Termez

2005-03-07T23:08:00.000-08:00

City and administrative centre of Surkhandarya oblast (province), Uzbekistan, and a port of the Amu Darya (river) on the frontier of Afghanistan. The ancient town of Termez, a little to the north, flourished in the 1st century BC and was finally destroyed at the end of the 17th century AD. The present city originated as a Russian fort built in 1897 beside the small settlement of Pattagissar.

Biblical Literature, Major themes and characteristics

2005-03-06T03:43:00.000-08:00

The great biblical themes are about God, his revealed works of creation, provision, judgment, deliverance,

Lenz's Law

2005-03-04T19:00:00.000-08:00

Thrusting a pole of a permanent bar magnet through a coil of wire, for example, induces an electric current in the coil; the current in turn sets

Man Orchid

2005-03-01T23:33:00.000-08:00

The flower spike, about 10 to 45 cm (4 to 18 inches) tall, may bear up to 90 greenish or yellowish flowers, which have an unpleasant odour.

Narashino

2005-02-27T03:30:00.000-08:00

City, Chiba ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. Narashino is situated on the northeastern shore of Tokyo Bay. Formed in 1951 by the merger of Minomi, Maka, Tsuda-numa, and Okubo, the settlement has no city centre because the former towns are lined up along two railways to Tokyo. Truck farming is an important economic activity. Narashino is a weekend vacation area because of its proximity

Berengar Ii

2005-02-25T05:25:00.000-08:00

Berengar was important in the career of the German king and Holy Roman emperor Otto I the Great. For several months in 951 he held captive Adelaide, the daughter and widow of kings of Italy; she escaped and married Otto, who assumed the title of king of the Lombards and made Berengar his vassal. Later (from 960) Berengar and his son

Tso Tsung-t'ang

2005-02-24T17:24:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Zuo Zongtang Chinese administrator and military leader, one of the scholar-officials who worked to suppress the great rebellions that threatened the imperial government during the second half of the 19th century. Tso's efforts helped revive the declining Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12) and reestablished the Chinese position in

Tsumeb

2005-02-21T14:03:00.000-08:00

In 1851 Sir Francis Galton, a British explorer, made note of copper ore deposits in the vicinity of what later became the town of Tsumeb. An Anglo-German company acquired

Pittsfield

2005-02-20T06:27:00.000-08:00

City, Berkshire county, western Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the headstreams of the Housatonic River, in the Berkshire Hills, 55 miles (88 km) northwest of Springfield. Settled in 1752 as the Pontoosuc Plantation, it was incorporated as a town (and made the county seat) in 1761 and named for the English prime minister William Pitt. It developed from a farming to an industrial community

Hooker, Joseph

2005-02-17T19:12:00.000-08:00

A West Point graduate and veteran of the Mexican War (1846–48), Hooker left his California home at the outbreak of the Civil War to serve as brigadier general

Heijermans, Herman

2005-02-15T14:24:00.000-08:00

After failing in business, Heijermans became a journalist in Amsterdam. His novel Kamertjeszonde (1898; “Petty Sin”), published under the pseudonym Koos Habbema, sharply criticizes prevailing sexual attitudes, and,

Poland, History Of, Augustus III

2005-02-13T15:38:00.000-08:00

Upon Augustus' death in 1733, Stanislaw I, seen this time as a symbol of Poland's independence and supported by France (his daughter married Louis XV), was elected once again. The counter-election of Augustus III followed, and Russian troops drove Stanislaw out of the country. He abdicated, receiving as compensation (after the so-called War of Polish Succession) the duchy of

Peter Claver, Saint

2005-02-12T09:00:00.000-08:00

Peter entered the Society of Jesus in 1602 and eight years later was sent to Cartagena, where he was ordained in 1616. The miserable condition of the slaves aboard ship and in the pens

Yobe

2005-02-10T20:05:00.000-08:00

Yobe's terrain consists of plains that are drained by the seasonal Komadugu Yobe River and its tributaries in the north and by the Gongola

Catanduanes

2005-02-07T10:59:00.000-08:00

Island, east-central Philippines, in the Philippine Sea, separated from southeastern Luzon (Rungus Point) by the shallow Maqueda Channel. The island has an area of 550 square miles (1,425 square km). Farming is diversified (rice, corn [maize], copra, abaca) on the hilly, rolling land. Virac, the chief port, is on the southern coast in a lowland area. The island is known for its stone churches.

Breeder Reactor

2005-02-05T04:18:00.000-08:00

Nuclear reactor that produces more fissionable material than it consumes to generate energy. This special type of reactor is designed to extend the nuclear fuel supply for electric power generation. Whereas a conventional nuclear reactor (q.v.) can use only the readily fissionable but scarce isotope uranium-235 for fuel, a breeder reactor employs either uranium-238 or

Museum And Picture Gallery

2005-02-03T11:08:00.000-08:00

Art museum in Vadodara (Baroda), Gujarat state, India. It was founded by the Maharaja Gaekwar of Baroda in 1894 as a representative collection of masterpieces. The building was constructed between 1908 and 1914, and the gallery formally opened in 1921. The museum displays European paintings, especially English portraits by George Romney and examples from the schools of Sir Joshua Reynolds

Holiday, Billie

2005-02-02T08:03:00.000-08:00

Eleanora Fagan was the daughter of Clarence Holiday, a professional musician who for a time played guitar with the Fletcher Henderson band. She later adopted the name Billie from a favourite movie actress, Billie Dove. In 1928 she moved with her

Epistemology, A priori versus a posteriori knowledge

2005-02-01T06:55:00.000-08:00

A sharp distinction has been drawn since at least the 17th century between two types of knowledge: a priori knowledge and a posteriori knowledge. The distinction plays an especially important role in the philosophies of David Hume (1711–76) and Immanuel Kant (1724–1804). It is also found in many contemporary, empirically oriented theories of knowledge, which typically hold that all knowledge

Ibn 'abbad

2005-01-31T09:31:00.000-08:00

Attracted to Morocco by the famous madrasahs (religious colleges), Ibn 'Abbad emigrated there at an early age. He abandoned legal studies in a quest for mystical knowledge. In 1359 he

Adamson, Joy; And Adamson, George

2005-01-30T06:10:00.000-08:00

Following an education in Vienna and two divorces, Austrian-born Joy Gessner, living in Kenya from 1939, married George Adamson (1944), a British game warden who had

Drachmann, Holger Henrik Herholdt

2005-01-29T14:07:00.000-08:00

The son of a physician, Drachmann studied painting and also began to write. A visit to London in 1871 awakened an interest in social problems, and after his return he joined the new radical movement of which Georg Brandes was the central

Joust

2005-01-29T03:05:00.000-08:00

Western European mock battle between two horsemen charging each other with levelled lances, each attempting to unhorse the other. Early medieval tournaments consisted of mêlées, mock battles between two bodies of armed horsemen; later both the mêlée and the joust took place at tournaments, and in the 15th century the joust tended to supersede the mêlée. Jousting

Kahn, Louis I.

2005-01-27T21:19:00.000-08:00

Kahn's parents immigrated to the United States when he was a child. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 1924 and later toured Europe,

Ardennes

2005-01-27T00:52:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Ardenne wooded plateau covering part of the ancient Forest of Ardennes, occupying most of the Belgian provinces of Luxembourg, Namur, and Liège; part of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; and the French département of Ardennes. It is an old plateau comprising the western extension of the Middle Rhine Highlands, stretching in a northeast-southwest direction and covering more

Mahamudra

2005-01-25T16:13:00.000-08:00

(Sanskrit: “the great seal”), in Tantric Buddhism, the final goal, the union of all apparent dualities. Mudra, in addition to its more usual meaning, has in Tantric Buddhism the esoteric meaning of “female partner,” which in turn symbolizes prajna (“wisdom”). The union of the Tantric initiate with his sexual partner signifies the symbolic union of the upaya (the “means,” or method of

Toarcian Stage

2005-01-25T08:07:00.000-08:00

Division representing all rocks deposited worldwide during the Toarcian Age (193–187 million years ago). The Toarcian is the fourth of 11 divisions (in ascending order) that make up the Jurassic System and is the uppermost stage of the Early Jurassic. No global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the base of the stage has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy.

Constantia

2005-01-23T01:57:00.000-08:00

Residential area, Western Cape province, South Africa, near Cape Town. It is located in Constantia Valley, famous since the 18th century for wines produced on both government and private farms. The Groot Constantia homestead there was built about 1685 by Governor Simon van der Stel and named for his wife, Constance; a fine example of Cape Dutch architecture, it has been restored

Electronic Music, Tape music

2005-01-20T15:56:00.000-08:00

With tape music the history of electronic music in the narrower sense begins. This history seems split into three main periods: an early (by now classical) period lasting from the commercial introduction of the tape recorder immediately following World War II until about 1960; a second period that featured the introduction of electronic music synthesizers and the

Scandinavian Literature, Prose

2005-01-20T06:58:00.000-08:00

Iceland's adoption of Christianity in 1000 opened the way for powerful influences from western Europe. Missionaries taught Icelanders the Latin alphabet, and they soon began to study in the great schools of Europe. One of the first was Ísleifr, who after being educated and ordained as a priest was consecrated bishop. His school at Skálholt in southern Iceland was for

Biblical Literature, Spanish versions

2005-01-19T13:11:00.000-08:00

Nothing is known from earlier than the 13th century when James I of Aragon in 1233 proscribed the possession of the Bible in “romance” (the Spanish

Scandinavian Literature, Prose

2005-01-19T11:31:00.000-08:00

Small, lightly built predatory or omnivorous dinosaur that brooded its eggs in a manner similar to birds. Found as fossils in deposits from the Late Cretaceous Period (99 million to 65 million years ago) of eastern Asia and North America, Oviraptor was about 1.8 metres (6 feet) long and walked on two long, well-developed hind limbs. The forelimbs were long

Berchtold, Leopold, Count (graf) Von

2005-01-16T18:17:00.000-08:00

A wealthy landowner in Hungary and Moravia, Berchtold, through marriage, became one of the richest men in Austria-Hungary. He entered the diplomatic service in 1893, held posts in Paris and London, and in 1906 was appointed

Waddenzee

2005-01-16T02:07:00.000-08:00

Shallow inlet of the North Sea between the West Frisian Islands and the northern Netherlands mainland. The inlet extends from Noord-Holland to the northeast, where the islands gradually curve toward the mainland and the channel narrows to a few miles. Until the completion of the IJsselmeer dam (Afsluitdijk), Waddenzee formed the northern part of the former Zuiderzee.

Asia, North Asia

2005-01-15T19:19:00.000-08:00

Northeastern Siberia comprises faulted and folded mountains of moderate height, such as the Verkhoyansk, Chersky, and Okhotsk-Chaun mountain arcs, all Mesozoic structures that have been rejuvenated by geologically recent tectonic events. The Koryak Mountains are similar but have a Cenozoic origin. Volcanic activity took place in these areas during the Cenozoic.

Papua, Gulf Of

2005-01-14T02:24:00.000-08:00

Inlet of the Coral Sea (southwestern Pacific) indenting the southeast coast of the island of New Guinea. About 225 miles (360 km) wide, it extends 95 miles (150 km) into south-central New Guinea. From west to east it is entered by the Fly, Bamu, Turama, Kikori, Purari, Lakekamu, and Vanapa rivers. Offshore natural-gas deposits have been found in the Gulf of Papua.

Endocarditis

2005-01-13T22:25:00.000-08:00

Inflammation of the heart lining, or endocardium. The inflammation may be associated with a noninfectious disease or may be caused by infection with any of a number of organisms, including bacteria and fungi. The site of the infection is usually the lining of the heart valves. Traditionally, infective endocarditis was classified as acute or subacute; more recently

Chiburdanidze, Maya

2005-01-13T13:54:00.000-08:00

Chiburdanidze became an international master in 1978 and an international grandmaster in 1984. Her style of play was solid, but aggressive, and well grounded in classical principles.

Hugo, Victor (-marie)

2005-01-11T13:48:00.000-08:00

Poet, novelist, and dramatist who was the most important of the French Romantic writers. Though regarded in France as one of that country's greatest poets, he is better known abroad for such novels as Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) and Les Misérables (1862).

B-52

2005-01-11T13:06:00.000-08:00

Also called Stratofortress, U.S. long-range heavy bomber, designed in 1948 and first flown in 1952. Though originally intended to be an atomic-bomb carrier capable of reaching the Soviet Union, it proved adaptable to a number of missions, and some B-52s were thus expected to remain in service for the rest of the 20th century. The B-52 has a wingspan of 185 feet (56 m) and a length of 160 feet 10.9 inches (49 m). It is powered by eight jet engines

Ligo Feast

2005-01-09T16:32:00.000-08:00

In Baltic religion, the major celebration honouring the sun goddess, Saule (q.v.).

Arabian Desert, Resources

2005-01-08T11:37:00.000-08:00

The greatest natural resource of the Arabian Desert is its underground water supply, which—as it remains virtually unreplenished because of low rainfall—in effect consists of Pleistocene-age waters that are now being tapped. Modern techniques have been used by the governments of Arab countries to develop water sources and to irrigate soils for farming. Desalinization

Shaft Coupling

2005-01-07T15:29:00.000-08:00

A common type of rigid coupling

Futures

2005-01-06T00:17:00.000-08:00

Commercial contract calling for the purchase or sale of specified quantities of a commodity at specified future dates. The origin of futures contracts was in trade in agricultural commodities, and the term commodity is used to define the underlying asset even though the contract is frequently completely divorced from the product. It therefore differs from

Standish, Myles

2005-01-05T00:28:00.000-08:00

As a young man, Standish fought in the Netherlands, where he probably met the English religious exiles who later became known as the Pilgrims. He sailed with them to America on the “Mayflower” in 1620, serving as their military leader when they established Plymouth in

Hyphochytridiomycetes

2005-01-04T23:57:00.000-08:00

A class of mostly marine fungi (division Mycota) containing 15 species. The class is distinguished by the asexual production of motile cells (zoospores) with a single, anterior, feathery, whiplike structure (flagellum). Sexual reproduction has not been found among these fungi.

Tientsin Massacre

2005-01-03T11:37:00.000-08:00

(June 21, 1870), in Tientsin, China, violent outbreak of Chinese xenophobic sentiment that nearly precipitated international warfare and signaled the end of the “cooperative policy” between China and the Western treaty powers. Before the incident, rumours circulated in Tientsin that the French Sisters of Charity were kidnapping and mutilating Chinese children. Hostility

Eakins, Thomas

2005-01-02T02:11:00.000-08:00

Although always respected for his ability, Eakins remained throughout his years something of an outcast. His contemporaries, rather than allowing themselves to be shaken by his frank statements of the human condition and his joyous appreciation of the human body, ignored him. He sold few pictures, but fortunately a small private income matched his modest needs.

Crockett, Samuel Rutherford

2005-01-01T19:43:00.000-08:00

After graduating from Edinburgh University in 1879 and studying for the ministry at New Colly, Edinburgh, in 1886 he became minister

Myo-o

2004-12-31T02:53:00.000-08:00

In the Buddhist mythology of Japan, fierce protective deities, corresponding to the Sanskrit Vidyaraja (“King of Knowledge”), worshiped mainly by the Shingon sect. They take on a ferocious appearance in order to frighten away evil spirits and to destroy ignorance and ugly passions. They are depicted with angry expressions, with a third eye in the middle of their foreheads,

Frederick William Iv

2004-12-30T05:51:00.000-08:00

King of Prussia from 1840 until 1861, whose conservative policies helped spark the Revolution of 1848. In the aftermath of the failed revolution, Frederick William followed a reactionary course. In 1857 he was incapacitated by a stroke, and his brother, the future William I, became regent (1858–61).

Bahrdt, Carl Friedrich

2004-12-29T16:39:00.000-08:00

At age 16 Bahrdt began to study theology, philosophy, and philology

Melen, Ferit

2004-12-28T02:06:00.000-08:00

After graduating from the School of Political Science at the University of Ankara, Melen returned to his native city of Van and entered

Hume, John

2004-12-27T20:06:00.000-08:00

Originally

Man

2004-12-26T10:44:00.000-08:00

Town, western Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). The town is situated along the Ko River, in a mountainous area (Massif de Man) on the eastern edge of the Nimba Range. There are iron-ore reserves in the mountains east of Man. The chief trade centre (rice, cassava, livestock, and palm oil and kernels) for a forested region mainly inhabited by the Dan and the Ngere (or Guere) and Wobe peoples,

Stability

2004-12-26T02:39:00.000-08:00

In mathematics, condition in which a slight disturbance in a system does not produce too disrupting an effect on that system. In terms of the solution of a differential equation, a function f(x) is said to be stable if any other solution of the equation that starts out sufficiently close to it when x = 0 remains close to it for succeeding values of x. If the difference between the

Pacific Mountain System, Soils

2004-12-23T22:20:00.000-08:00

In the Pacific mountain system are found all of the 11 orders of soils, of which three are most abundant. Inceptisols dominate in the coastal ranges from the Queen Charlotte Islands south to San Francisco Bay and in the Cascade Range. They have weakly differentiated horizons (layers), are little altered from their parent material, and occur where summers are cool. The

Dwight, Timothy

2004-12-23T03:24:00.000-08:00

Educated by his mother, a daughter of the preacher Jonathan Edwards, Dwight entered Yale at age 13 and was graduated in 1769. He then pursued a variety of occupations, including those of a tutor at Yale, a school principal, a Massachusetts

Marquess

2004-12-21T20:00:00.000-08:00

In western Europe the Carolingian marchiones or margraves had been royal officials whose

Philip The Apostle, Saint

2004-12-21T04:56:00.000-08:00

One of the Twelve Apostles. Mentioned only by name in the Apostle lists of the Synoptic Gospels, he is a frequent character in the Gospel According to John, according to which (1:43–51) he came from Bethsaida, answered Jesus' call (“Follow me”), and was instrumental in the call of St. Nathanael (probably

Ottoman Empire, Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c. 13001402

2004-12-20T16:20:00.000-08:00

In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors for the faith of Islam, known as ghazis, who fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayi tribe who had entered Anatolia along with a mass of Turkmen Oguz nomads. These nomads, fleeing from the Mongols

Ebullism

2004-12-19T04:20:00.000-08:00

In the atmospheric pressure at sea level (760 mm of mercury), water boils at 212° F (100° C). When the pressure on a liquid

Kambalda

2004-12-18T07:26:00.000-08:00

Mining town, southern Western Australia. It lies 37 miles (60 km) south of Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Gold was mined there from 1896 to 1906, but the site's modern importance dates from 1966, when deposits of high-grade nickel were discovered in the vicinity. The nickel ores are smelted at Kalgoorlie-Boulder, refined at Kwinana (south of Perth), or carried southward to the port of Esperance for shipment.

Atchafalaya River

2004-12-17T14:13:00.000-08:00

Distributary of the Red and Mississippi rivers in Louisiana, U.S. It branches southwest from the Red River near a point in east-central Louisiana where the Old River (about 7 miles [11 km] long) links the Red River with the Mississippi, and it flows generally south for about 140 miles (225 km) to Atchafalaya Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico in southern Louisiana. Its length including

Bhandara

2004-12-16T06:52:00.000-08:00

Town, northeastern Maharashtra state, western India, on the Wainganga River, east of Nagpur. As a fording place across the river, it developed as a commercial centre; industries include the manufacture of brassware and cigarettes. It houses a college affiliated with the University of Nagpur. Rice covers most of the surrounding cultivated area. The area is rich in mineral

Oraibi

2004-12-15T10:41:00.000-08:00

Also called Orayvi, or Old Oraibi, Hopi pueblo (village), Navajo county, northeastern Arizona, U.S. The pueblo is situated on the narrow, rocky Third Mesa of the Hopi Indian Reservation. It is the unofficial capital of the reservation and is thought to be the oldest continuously occupied settlement in the United States (from about AD 1150). It lies at an elevation of nearly 6,500 feet (1,980 metres). Oraibi was the site of the San

Pabianice

2004-12-14T00:45:00.000-08:00

Town and suburb of Lódz city, in Lódz województwo (province), central Poland, in the Lódz highlands on the Dobrzynka River. The second most important town in the Lódz industrial region, it lies on the Lódz–Wroclaw rail line and is a major textile centre. The oldest community in the region, it was first settled in the 11th century and was granted town rights in 1297. Because it lay on the trade route

Cermak, Anton J.

2004-12-13T03:18:00.000-08:00

Cermak was born about 50 miles (80 km) from Prague but celebrated his first birthday on Ellis Island in New York harbour. His parents settled in Braidwood, Ill., where,

Gabo, Naum

2004-12-12T23:40:00.000-08:00

Gabo studied medicine and natural science, then philosophy and art history, at the University of Munich in Germany; he also took engineering classes at the Technical

Dyula

2004-12-11T04:10:00.000-08:00

The Dyula were active gold traders as long ago as the time of the ancient African kingdom of Ghana. They flourished under the empire of Mali, when they provided a link between the gold-producing forestlands in

Indo-iranian Languages

2004-12-10T04:43:00.000-08:00

Group of languages constituting the easternmost major branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Indo-Aryan (Indic) languages are spoken by some 800 million persons in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, and other areas of the Himalayan region. In addition, languages of the Indo-Aryan group are spoken by about 5,000,000 people in Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania:

Animals, Cruelty To

2004-12-09T13:53:00.000-08:00

The willful or wanton infliction of pain, suffering, or death upon an animal, or the intentional or malicious neglect of an animal. In varying degrees, it is illegal in most countries in the world, and, in the late 20th century, interest in endangered species gave further impetus to the anticruelty movement. Reflecting such interest, many laws have been passed, although

Down

2004-12-08T16:33:00.000-08:00

Down had an area of 952 sq mi (2,466 sq km), and it had three areas of high ground. In the south, the Mourne Mountains (Slieve Donard, 2,796 ft [852 m]) are composed of Eocene (38,000,000-year-old) granite;

Harald Ii Eiriksson,

2004-12-07T01:30:00.000-08:00

The son of Erik Bloodax, who was the half brother of Haakon I, Harald took refuge in Denmark following his father's death. Aided by his uncle, the Danish king Harald Bluetooth (Blåtand), Harald

Metal Cut

2004-12-05T13:45:00.000-08:00

The English poet and artist William Blake (1757–1827) experimented with metal cuts, but the technique's greatest exponent was the Mexican

Gahn, Johan Gottlieb

2004-12-05T02:06:00.000-08:00

Swedish mineralogist and crystallographer who discovered manganese in 1774. His failure to win fame may be related to the fact that he published little. He saved the notes, papers, and letters of his friend Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who discovered chlorine, but not his own. His essays on the balance and use of the blowpipe in analysis

Arnold, Matthew

2004-12-03T16:35:00.000-08:00

Matthew was the eldest son of the renowned Thomas Arnold, who was appointed headmaster of Rugby School in 1828. Matthew entered Rugby (1837) and then attended Oxford as a scholar of Balliol College; there he won the Newdigate Prize with his poem Cromwell (1843) and was graduated with second-class honours in 1844. For Oxford Arnold retained an impassioned affection. His Oxford was the Oxford

Culverin

2004-12-03T06:06:00.000-08:00

The culverin was adapted to field use by the French in the mid-15th century and to naval use by the English in the late 16th century. During the 17th century, cannons were classified according to the weight of projectiles fired, and

Greece, History Of, The Metaxas regime and World War II

2004-12-01T23:38:00.000-08:00

Public disillusionment with the endless intrigues of the political world, which had been growing apace in the preceding years, was exacerbated when the news leaked that the main political blocs were secretly negotiating with the communists. When the nonpolitical figure appointed by the king to head a caretaker government charged with overseeing the elections

Limburg, Pol, Herman, And Jehanequin De

2004-11-29T21:01:00.000-08:00

Limburg also spelled Limbourg (all b. after 1385, Nijmegen, Brabant [now in The Netherlands]—d. by 1416), three Flemish brothers who were the most famous of all late Gothic illuminators. They synthesized the achievements of contemporary illuminators into a style characterized by subtlety of line, painstaking technique, and minute rendering of detail. The sons of a sculptor,

Graves, Robert James

2004-11-29T07:13:00.000-08:00

Graves received his degree from the University of Dublin in 1818. After studying in London and on the European continent, he returned

Camar

2004-11-28T11:18:00.000-08:00

Widespread caste in northern India whose hereditary occupation is tanning leather; the name is derived from the Sanskrit word carmakara, or “skin worker.” The more than 150 subcastes are characterized by well-organized panchayats (governing councils). Because their work obliged them to handle dead animals, the Camars have suffered from the stigma of being considered

Alabama, University Of

2004-11-27T15:02:00.000-08:00

State university with campuses at Tuscaloosa (main campus), Birmingham, and Huntsville. All three branches offer a wide university curriculum and programs for bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees. The University of Alabama School of Law is in Tuscaloosa, and the School of Medicine is in Birmingham. Total enrollment at the three campuses is about 40,000. The university

Camar

2004-11-25T03:36:00.000-08:00

The C&O acquired the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1963 but continued to operate it as a separate system. In 1973 the

Furtwangen

2004-11-24T19:06:00.000-08:00

City, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany, in the upper valley of the Breg River, in the Black Forest (Schwarzwald), northeast of Freiburg im Breisgau. First mentioned in 1179, it was a possession of the abbey of St. George until it passed to Baden in 1806. It was chartered in 1873. Furtwangen has been a centre of the Black Forest clock industry since 1740 and has a clock museum.

San Fernando

2004-11-23T20:29:00.000-08:00

Cabecera (principal built-up area) and partido (political subdivision) of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, Arg. It lies north of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires province, on the Río de la Plata estuary. Colonization of the area began with the second and permanent founding of Buenos Aires (1580). During this period the region was known as Costa de Monte Grande. In 1780 the parish of

Winterhalter, Franz Xaver

2004-11-22T01:02:00.000-08:00

Trained in Freiburg im Breisgau and Munich, Germany, Winterhalter entered court circles when in 1828 he became drawing master to Sophie, later grand duchess of Baden, at Karlsruhe. After 1834 he went to Paris and quickly became fashionable, at first under

San Fernando

2004-11-21T02:05:00.000-08:00

ESO operates at two sites in Chile

Giulini, Carlo Maria

2004-11-20T20:57:00.000-08:00

Giulini studied under Bernardino Molinari at Rome's Accademia di Santa Cecilia. As violist for that institution's resident orchestra, he observed the work of such notables as Wilhelm Furtwängler, Otto Klemperer, and Bruno Walter. His conducting

Bohemia

2004-11-20T04:33:00.000-08:00

Czech Cechy , German Böhmen historic country of central Europe that was a kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire and subsequently a province in the Habsburgs' Austrian Empire. Bohemia was bounded on the south by Austria, on the west by Bavaria, on the north by Saxony and Lusatia, on the northeast by Silesia, and on the east by Moravia. From 1918 to 1939 and from 1945 to 1992 it was part of Czechoslovakia, and since 1993 it has formed

Qiblah

2004-11-18T13:12:00.000-08:00

Also spelled qibla or kiblah the direction of the sacred shrine of the Ka'bah in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, toward which Muslims turn five times each day when performing the salat (daily ritual prayer). Soon after Muhammad's emigration (Hijrah, or Hegira) to Medina in 622, he indicated Jerusalem as the qiblah, probably influenced by Jewish tradition. When Jewish-Muslim relations no longer seemed promising,

Rabelais, François

2004-11-17T05:14:00.000-08:00

Pseudonym Alcofribas Nasier French writer and priest who for his contemporaries was an eminent physician and humanist and for posterity is the author of the comic masterpiece Gargantua and Pantagruel. The four novels composing this work are outstanding for their rich use of Renaissance French and for their comedy, which ranges from gross burlesque

Drummond, William Henry

2004-11-16T13:10:00.000-08:00

Drummond immigrated to Canada about 1864, left school at the age of 15 to help support his family, but at 30 took a degree in medicine at Bishop's College in Quebec. After

Smith, Michael

2004-11-15T04:26:00.000-08:00

British-born Canadian biochemist who won (with Kary B. Mullis) the 1993 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his development of a technique called oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis, which enabled researchers to introduce specific mutations into genes and, thus, to the proteins that they encode.

TiredEar

Dentist Central London

Aerarium

Xerox Parc

Asher Ben Jehiel

Baffin, William

Buli Style

Termez

Biblical Literature, Major themes and characteristics

Lenz's Law

Man Orchid

Narashino

Berengar Ii

Tso Tsung-t'ang

Tsumeb

Pittsfield

Hooker, Joseph

Heijermans, Herman

Poland, History Of, Augustus III

Peter Claver, Saint

Yobe

Catanduanes

Breeder Reactor

Museum And Picture Gallery

Holiday, Billie

Epistemology, A priori versus a posteriori knowledge

Ibn 'abbad

Adamson, Joy; And Adamson, George

Drachmann, Holger Henrik Herholdt

Joust

Kahn, Louis I.

Ardennes

Mahamudra

Toarcian Stage

Constantia

Electronic Music, Tape music

Scandinavian Literature, Prose

Biblical Literature, Spanish versions

Scandinavian Literature, Prose

Berchtold, Leopold, Count (graf) Von

Waddenzee

Asia, North Asia

Papua, Gulf Of

Endocarditis

Chiburdanidze, Maya

Hugo, Victor (-marie)

B-52

Ligo Feast

Arabian Desert, Resources

Shaft Coupling

Futures

Standish, Myles

Hyphochytridiomycetes

Tientsin Massacre

Eakins, Thomas

Crockett, Samuel Rutherford

Myo-o

Frederick William Iv

Bahrdt, Carl Friedrich

Melen, Ferit

Hume, John

Man

Stability

Pacific Mountain System, Soils

Dwight, Timothy

Marquess

Philip The Apostle, Saint

Ottoman Empire, Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c. 13001402

Ebullism

Kambalda

Atchafalaya River

Bhandara

Oraibi

Pabianice

Cermak, Anton J.

Gabo, Naum

Dyula

Indo-iranian Languages

Animals, Cruelty To

Down

Ottoman Empire, Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c. 13001402